May is National Stroke Awareness Month, a time to learn about stroke, its warning signs, and how it can be treated. Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death in the United States and a major cause of long-term disability.
What is a stroke?
A stroke happens when blood flow to the brain is blocked or reduced. The brain needs oxygen to work. Without oxygen, brain cells can be damaged or die within minutes.
Who is at risk for a stroke?
The risk of stroke goes up as people get older, but it can happen at any age. Family history can also play a role. Stroke risk may be higher for some racial and ethnic groups, including non-Hispanic Black adults and Pacific Islander adults.
Other health conditions and habits can increase your risk, such as:
- High blood pressure
- High cholesterol
- Diabetes
- Obesity
- Sickle cell disease
- Heart disease
Lifestyle habits that raise risks include:
- Not getting enough physical activity
- Drinking too much alcohol
- Smoking
- Eating foods high in unhealthy fats and cholesterol
What are the warning signs of a stroke?
Knowing the signs can help you act fast and save a life. Common warning signs include:
- Sudden weakness or numbness in the face, arm, or leg (especially on one side of the body)
- Sudden confusion or trouble speaking or understanding
- Sudden trouble seeing
- Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, or loss of balance
- Sudden, severe headache with no clear reason
What should you do?
Act fast. If you see these signs, call 911 right away.
Use F.A.S.T. to remember what to look for:
➪ F - Face drooping
➪ A - Arm weakness
➪ S - Speech difficulty
➪ T - Time to call 911
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What happens after a stroke?
Recovery is different for everyone. It depends on how serious the stroke was and how quickly treatment was given.
Many people need rehabilitation to recover. This may include:
- Physical therapy (to help with movement)
- Occupational therapy (to help with daily tasks)
- Speech therapy (to help with talking and understanding)
Can strokes be prevented?
Yes! Up to 80% of strokes can be prevented.
Here are ways to lower your risk:
- Visit your doctor for regular checkups
- Take medications as prescribed
- Know your blood pressure and cholesterol numbers
- Don’t smoke, and avoid tobacco
- Manage blood sugar if you have diabetes
- Eat healthy foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and fish
- Limit alcohol and avoid foods high in unhealthy fats and added sugars
- Stay active—aim for regular exercise each week