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HomeMemberHelpful ToolsHealth ResourcesColorectal Cancer

Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer occurs when a polyp (growth) in the inner lining of the colon (large intestine) or rectum becomes abnormal and develops into cancer. Early detection and removal of colorectal polyps can decrease the risk of developing cancer. Remember, regular preventive screenings can help detect cancer at its earliest stages, giving patients the best chance for successful treatment.

Risk Factors

Risk factors include:

  • Inflammatory bowel disease, such as Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis
  • A personal or family history of colorectal cancer
  • Certain genetic conditions, such as Familial Adenomatous Polyposis.
  • Lifestyle factors, such as:
  • Lack of exercise
  • Diets low in fruits, vegetables and fiber
  • Diets high in fat
  • Obesity (overweight)
  • Alcohol consumption
  • Smoking

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Stages and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer is treated in different ways, depending on how far the cancer has spread. In its earliest stages, colorectal cancer is usually treated through minimally invasive surgery. As the cancer progresses, treatment can include more complicated surgeries, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. People who are diagnosed with colorectal cancer should talk to their provider about the treatment that is right for them.

For more information, visit the National Cancer Institute’s Colorectal Cancer page.

 

Colorectal Cancer Screening Guidelines

Screening should start at age 45, or earlier for those at higher risk. Available screening tests include:

Stool tests

Stool tests are used to detect blood and/or abnormal DNA in your stool and should be performed every 3 years.

Flexible sigmoidoscopy
A special scope that is inserted through the rectum and is used to check for polyps or cancer in the rectum and the lower third of the colon. This screening is typically performed every 5 years.
Colonoscopy
Similar to flexible sigmoidoscopy, this scope is  longer and can check for polyps or cancer throughout the entire colon. This screening is typically performed every 10 years.
CT Colonography
Also known as virtual colonoscopy, this is a special imaging technique that takes pictures of the colon and displays them on a computer screen. This screening is typically performed every 5 years.

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Depending on many risk factors, including family health history and lifestyle, your primary care provider (PCP) may recommend more frequent or extra cancer screenings. Speak with your PCP to find out which screening test is right for you.

For more information about cancer screenings, click here.

Additional information about colorectal health is available.